Internal combustion engine



Febo 5, 1935. I wbo scN k 1,999,153

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 29, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I WWI,

Feb. 5, 1935. L-,M WOOLSON 1,990,153

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE I File Aug- 2 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 V JwumtosLIONEL 1% [1 004 so/v, osawaeo 5r H/J EXECUTE/X Emma 1". NOOLJONPatented Feb. s 1935 PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COMBUSTION Enema Lionel M.Woolson, deceased, late of Detroit,

. Mich., by Emma F. Woolson, executrix, Bloom field Village, Mich.,assignmto Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit,'Mich., a corporation ofMichigan Application August 29, 1930, Serial No. 478,586 7 Claims. (Cl.192-8) This invention relates to internal combustion engines and moreparticularly to mechanism controlling the fuel explosive chargesdelivered to engine combustion chambers.

It isthe general object of the present invention to provide a novel andimproved anti-creep device for maintaining a common regulator, fon aplurality of engine fuel injection devices, in any desired position ofits adjustment.

More particularly it is an object of the invention to provide a doubleclutch anti-creep device for the actuating mechanism of a regulator withwhich a plurality of fuel injection devices of an internal combustionengine are associated.

Still another object of the invention. is to provide an anti-creepmechanism which is associated with a manually actuated element forregulating mechanism controlling the quantity of fuel injected by aplurality of injection devices associated with a multi-cylinder engine.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the followingdescription taken in connection with the. drawings, which form a part ofthis specification; and in which:

Fig. 1 is a rear elevation view of a radial Diesel engine, partiallybroken away and in section to illustrate'the fuel control mechanism;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of one ofthe fuel injectiondevices;

Fig. 3 isan elevational view rearwardly of the engine showing theregulator actuating mechanism and the anti-creep device associatedtherewith;

Fig.'4 is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4. s

Referring to the drawings by characters of reference, 10 is the crankcase of an internal combustion engine having a rear cover -11 securedthereto and a.'diaphragm 12 traversing the interior thereof. A pluralityof cylinders 13 extend radially from the crank case,-and a pair ofcompression bands 14 are arranged on two sides of the cylinders andoverlap flanges, as

illustrated .at 15, extending therefrom to secure the same against theperiphery of the crank case. A piston, as illustrated M16. is arrangedto reciprocate within each of the cylinders. and conventional connectingrod means is provided to connect the pistons with the crank shaft 17which extends axially through the crank case. A single port 18 extendsthrough the head of each cylinder for the intake of air and thedischarge of exhaust, a valve 19 being associated with each of suchpassages. Springs 20 are arranged to normally maintain the valves inclosed position, while power driven mechanisms, indicated at 21, arearranged to open the valves, such mechanisms each extend throughhousings 22, forming a part of the cylinder head, and casings 23extending intermediate such housings and the crank case. Such mechanismscan be operated through any suitable drive associated with the crankshaft or some driven part of the engine. The engine illustrated isparticularly designed for use as the power plant of an airship and is ofthe four-cycle Diesel type. The valves are maintained in open positionduring the exhaust and suction strokes of the pistons and are closedduring the explosion and power strokes of the pistons. During thesuction stroke,.the air portion of the explosion charge is drawn into jthe cylinders, preferably in a manner such that it will rotate, andduring the compression stroke charges of liquid fuel a'reinjected intothe cylinders at a high pressure and in a finely atomizedcondition sothat a combustible mixture will be formed, such mixture being of acharacter that it will ignite under compressionwithin the cylinders. v

An individual fuel injection device is preferably associated with eachcylinder and. actuating mechanism, driven by a common member andregulated by another common member, is associated therewith. Theinjection device consists of a nozzle section 24 and a pump section 25,such sections being secured together to form a unit which is attacheddirectly to the cylinders by the bolts an end portion which projectsthrough the wall of a cylinder and is formed at its outlet end with Thenozzle section includes a casing 27 having a flaring opening 28. A boreextends interiorly of the casing from the flared outletand is adapted toreceive the valve member 29 which is normally pressed outwardly by aspring 30, so that the valve head 31 will lie adjacent the flaredoutlet. In

order to prevent the valve head from seating against the nozzle casing,a stop member 32 is adjustably associated with the outer end of thecasing and in this manner the outermost position a of the valve can beregulated as desired; The pump section includes a casing 33 which is,screwed upon a neck portion of the nozzle casing and a barrel 34 is heldwithin the'pump casing by a spacer 35. The bore of the barrel isarranged in communication with the bore in the nozzle and a pair ofcheck valves 36 are provided to preventreturn flow of oil into the pumpsection from the nozzle section. A plurality of ports 37 extend throughthe pump casing and the barrel and communicate with the interior of thebarrel and with a manifold 38 which is secured around each pump casingin sealed relation thereto, there being a plurality of conduits 39connecting the adjacent manifolds 38. Fuel oil is introduced under a lowpressure by suitable mechanism (not shown) so that the manifolds andconduits are constantly filled with oil during operation of the engine.A plunger 40 reciprocates within each of the barrels, and the movementof such plungers beyond the ports 37 determines the quantity of fuelwhich is evacuated from the nozzles into the cylinders. When theplungers uncover the ports 37, the bore of the nozzle and. that of thebarrel and pump section beyond the ports will be maintained filled withvoil because of the pressure in the feeding conduits, and hence theeffective injection stroke of the plungers after closing the ports 37determines the quantity in the liquid fuel charges.

Mechanism is associated with each of the plungers for reciprocating thesame so that the fuel oil charges will be injected into the, partiallycompressed air charges in a desired sequence of time. A guide rodengages each of the plungers and each have associated therewith. anarticulated rod 42 which also bears against a rock lever 43 pivotallymounted upon a shaft 44 extending between the diaphragm 12 and the rearcover 11. A cam 45 is driven from the crank shaft 17 by reduction gears46, 47, 48 and'49, and the cam lobes engage with the rock levers 43 tocause an injection stroke of the rods 42 and 41 and the plunger 40. Acoil spring-50 is arranged intermediate each pump casing and pump barreland bears against the flanged end of the plungersfor normallymaintaining'and moving them to a position uncovering'the ports 37 afterthe cam lobes have moved from beneath the rock levers.

In order to regulate the injection stroke of the plungers, there isprovided regulating mechanism which includes a ring 51 rotatably securedagainst the diaphragm 12 by studs 52, there being slots 53 formed in thering to permit such rotation. A link 54 is pivotally connected to eachof the rods 42 and to the regulating ring so that rotation of the ringwill move the rods 42 laterally and will vary the length of theinjection stroke of the plungers as may be desired. The rock levers43are formed with a curved surface at their free end upon which thesections 42 of the push rods are adjustable longitudinally of theslippers when the ring 51 is rotated. As the action of' the slippers isthe same at all times, the adjustment of the position of the push rodsections on the curved surfaces will vary the stroke of the push rodsrelative to the ports 37 and willalso vary the time at which they willclose the ports. It will be understood that this ring regulator can beadjusted so that the plunger stroke can be regulated in agiven rangeafter closing the ports and thus the desired quantity in the fueldevices can be obtained, or the adjustment can be such that upon theinjection stroke of the plunger the ports 37 will not be closed andunder such circumstances the engine will cease operating.

Suitable mechanism is provided for the rotation of the regulating ring51. It will be observed that the springs 50 exert a force against theplungers and the rods 41 and 42 tending to move the regulating ring .51in a clockwise direction, looking at the rear of the engine, whichreduces the length of the plunger injection strokes, and thiscreepingcondition is accentuated by any vibration of the engine. This tendencyto change the ring position is undesirable because of the reduction inthe quantity of fuel charges which will become less and less and finallystopthe engine, and in order to maintain the ring 51 in any position ofadjustment and at the same. time impose no force rearwardly from theengine to the cockpit of the.

airship in which the engine is mounted. A

bracket is fixed to a strut 61 of the airplane fuselage and operatingmechanism, including a hand lever 62, a lever 63 and a clutch deviceintermediate such levers, is arranged so that it will reciprocate theextension rod 59. A bearing plate 64 is arranged adjacent the upper endof the bracket 60 and a stationary race member 65 is secured against thebearing plate and to the bracket by means of screws 66. The fixed outerrace 65 is formed upon a; shaft 6'1 and includes a peripheral flange 68forming a housing for the inner race 69 of the clutch device and for theactuating member '70 whichis secured to the hand lever 62 by rivets 71.The inner race is provided with an elongated hub 72 with which a carrier73 is fixed to rotate by the key 74, such carrier bein welded to thelever 63, or secured thereto in some other suitable manner. A nut75 isscrewed upon the hub '72 against a washer 76 for securing the carrier'13 axially upon the hub of the inner race member. Nuts 77 are screwedupon the ends of the shaft 67 to secure the inner race axially upon theshaft to assist in retaining the outer race with the fixed bracket 60.As before stated, the fixed race forms a housing for the inner race andfor the actuating portion of the member 70. The inner race is providedwith a plurality of spaced recesses in its periphery into each of whichan arm '18 of the actuator member extends. Balls 90 are arranged in suchrecesses upon opposite ends of the arms, and bearings 79 urge the ballsagainst the arms of the actuating member through pressure of coilsprings 80 which are seated in recess extensions. The bottom of therecesses are disposed at an angle relative to the surrounding annularsurface of the outer race member and the balls are of such diameter thatthey will wedge intermediate such adjacent faces of the race members,and thereby prevent any relative movement thereof. It will be seen thatone of. the balls in' each recess will wedge be tween the race membersupon a relative movement in either direction.

The lever 62 is mounted to rotate upon carrier member '73, while theactuator section 70 thereof telescopes a hub portion of the inner racemember and is rotatable thereon. movement of the lever 62 in eitherdirectzi 2 will move the actuator section 70 therewith and the arms 78will unwedg'e the balls tending to impede movement of the inner movablerace in the direction of the lever movement. The arms '78 will move suchballs and release them from wedged -the angular surfaces 81 are arrangedso that the ber, it being obvious that the balls on the opposite sidesof the arms 78 will not impede such movement. Rotation of the innerrace, in. this'manner, is transmitted to the carrier'13 because of thekeyed connection 74 and likewise to the lever 63 which is welded to thecarrier, and such movement of the lever 63 is transmitted to actuate therod 59 which in turn will rotate the shaft 57 and cause the gear segment56 to rotate the regulator ring 51. The clutch device becomesautomatically effective to prevent relative movement 'of the racemembers when application of force against the lever 62 ceases and at thesame time offers little impediment to the manual operation of the lever.With the control mechanism described, the regulating ring 51 can bereadily rotated,- as may be desired; and will be locked in any position'of adjustment within its range of movement. Movement of the ringcounter-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 1, will move the push rod sections"12 toward the free end of the slippers and-adjustment in this directionincreases the distance that the plungers are moved after closing theports 3'7, thereby increasing the quantity of the fuel chargesdelivered. Movement of the ring in a clockwise direction shifts theinner end of thepush rod sections 42 toward the pivoted end of theslippers and adjustment in this direction lessens the stroke of theplungers after closing the ports-37 except at the extreme end ofsuchadjustment whereupon the plungers in their movement will not close theports and thus there will be no fuel delivered.

What is claimed is:'

1. In a remote control mechanism for regulating fuel injection devices,an actuator lever, a hand lever, and a two-way acting ball clutch meansbetween the levers, said clutch ,means including a fixed race elementhaving a shaft portion on which the levers are rotatably supported. 2.In a remote control mechanism for regulat-' ing fuel injection devices,an actuator lever, a hand lever, and a clutch means'between the leverscomprising a fixed race having a shaft extending therefrom, another racehavingfa hub telescopically associated with the shaft, ball meanswedgeably arranged between the races, said lever being rotatably mountedpn the hub and said actuator lever being fixed to the hub, and retainermeans on the shaft fixing the hub, axially.

3. In a remote control mechanism for regulating fuel injection devices,an actuator lever, a hand lever, an actuating member fixed to the handlever, a two-way ball clutch comprlsing'a fixed race having a shaftportion and a rotatable race mounted on the shaft, said actuator leverbeing fixed-to the rotatably mounted race, said actuating memberbeingrotatably mounted on the rotatable race, retaining the hand leveraxially,'and means retaining the rotatable race axially on the shaft;

' 4. In a remote control mechanism for regulat- 'ing fuel injectiondevices, an actuator lever, a

hand lever having an actuating element fixed race with a shaft portion,an inner race rotatably mounted on the shaft portion, and two-way actingspring pressed wedge means between the races, said hand lever actuatingelement releasing the wedge means upon rotation and rotating the innerrace therewith, said actuating lever being fixed to the irmer, race.

5. In a remote control mechanism for regulating fuel injection'devi'ces,,an actuator lever, a hand lever, an actuating element fixedto the hand lever and having-radially extending arms, and a clutchdevice comprising an .outer race having an axially projecting shaft, aninner race rotatably mounted on the shaft, said inner race havingrecesses through which the actuating clef ment arms extend, saidactuator element being fixed to the inner race and the actuating elementbeing rotatably mounted on the shaft, and spring pressed wedge meansassociated between the races, said actuating element arms releasing thewedge'means from driving relation between the races. upon rotationtherewith.

-6. In a remote control mechanism-for regulating fuel injectiondevices,an actuator lever, a hand lever, an actuating element fixed to the, handlever and having radially extending arms, and a clutch -device.comprising a fixed outer race having aperipheral flange portion and anaxially extending shaft, an inner race rotatably mounted on the shaftand fixed to the actuator lever, said inner race having recessedportions into which the radial arms of the actuating element project anda wall surface adjacent the projecting arms extending angularly' to theouter race flange and in opposite directions relatively, and spring.

.' pressed balls between the outer race flange and the angular surfacesof the inner racetonormally wedge the races together'in drivingrelation, said arms releasing the balls from wedging relation uponrotation.

ing fuel injection devices, an actuator lever; a

hand lever; an actuating element fixed to the .hand lever and havingradially extending arms;

a-clutch means comprising a fixed outer race having a peripheral flangeand an axially extendfaces adjacent the projecting arms extend at an andmoving the inner race' angle to the outer race flange adjacent thereto 1and in opposite directions relatively, and spring pressed balls betweenthe outer race flange and the angular surfaces of the inner racenormally wedging the races together in drivingrelation,

said arms releasing the balls from wedging relation upon rotation; meansfixing the lever and actuating element axially on .-the rotatablymounted race; and means'fixing the inner race axially on the outer raceshaft. I v

I a EMMA Fl WOOL-SON, Ezecutria: of the Estate of Lionel M. Woolson,

Deceased. 1

